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- $Unique_ID{BRK03916}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Landau-Kleffner Syndrome}
- $Subject{Landau-Kleffner Syndrome Infantile Acquired Aphasia Epilepsy }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1986, 1987, 1990, 1991 National Organization for Rare
- Disorders, Inc.
-
- 260:
- Landau-Kleffner Syndrome
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (Landau-Kleffner Syndrome)
- is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing to find the
- alternate names, disorder subdivisions, and related disorders covered by this
- article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Infantile Acquired Aphasia
-
- Information about the following disorder can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Epilepsy
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
-
- Landau-Kleffner Syndrome is a disorder that occurs exclusively in
- childhood. It is primarily a speech disorder characterized by loss of
- ability to speak (aphasia), paroxysmal changes in the electroencephalogram
- (EEG) and occasionally, epileptic seizures. It may also be associated with
- an inability to recognize the significance of sounds (auditory agnosia).
-
- Symptoms
-
- The symptoms of Landau-Kleffner Syndrome include regression in previous
- speech development, paroxysmal changes in the electroencephalogram (EEG), and
- occasionally epileptic seizures. A slowly evolving disorder, it may also be
- associated with an inability to recognize the significance of sounds
- (auditory agnosia). This disorder seems to improve with time in 60 percent
- of cases, and be persistent in forty percent of the cases reported. In
- general, the prognosis seems to be more serious in cases of very early onset,
- and less serious in cases of later onset.
-
- Causes
-
- The cause of Landau-Kleffner Syndrome is unknown at this time. It is a
- neurological disorder affecting the speech centers of the brain.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Landau-Kleffner syndrome seems to be exclusively a childhood disease.
- Identified in 1957, only eighty cases of this extremely rare disorder had
- been reported as of 1982.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Other childhood aphasias may have similar symptoms to Landau-Kleffner. The
- major difference is that the later Landau-Kleffner begins, the better the
- prognosis for language development. The aphasia tends to vary greatly among
- patients. The type and severity of language loss are related to the location
- and extent of the brain dysfunction. Disabilities can range from a temporary
- slurring of speech to total loss of communication.
-
- Epilepsy, which is a symptomatic component of Landau-Kleffner Syndrome,
- is a central nervous system disorder characterized by a sudden, aimless, and
- uncontrollable discharge of nerves in the brain. This discharge is sometimes
- preceded by an aura and is often characterized by a convulsion which is
- accompanied by the loss of consciousness. There are many different types of
- epilepsy. The disorder is not usually life-threatening and those affected
- can often lead a full and active life with medication. (For more
- information, choose "epilepsy" as your search term in the Rare Disease
- Database).
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment of Landau-Kleffner Syndrome is generally symptomatic and
- supportive. Antiepileptic drugs have not been consistently effective in all
- patients. Speech therapy may be of benefit in some cases. Neuroradiological
- investigations are useful for diagnostic purposes.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- There is a need for more postmortem cerebral examinations to further research
- on Landau-Kleffner Syndrome.
- A new type of surgery is being investigated for children suffering from
- Landau-Kleffner Syndrome. The Subpial Transection may restore hearing and
- speech and eliminate seizures. For more information on this procedure,
- contact:
-
- Rush Presbyterian, St. Lukes Medical Center
- 1753 West Congress Parkway
- Chicago, IL 60612
- (312) 942-5000 or (312) 942-5939
-
- A new non-surgical treatment is being tested on Landau-Kleffner patients.
- Corticosteroid therapy, if given early, can in many cases restore speech and
- eliminate seizures. Further study is needed to determine the long-term
- safety and effectiveness of this treatment.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- July 1991. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Landau-Kleffner Syndrome, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- C.A.N.D.L.E.
- (Childhood Aphasia, Neurological Disorders, Landau-Kleffner Syndrome &
- Epilepsy)
- 4414 McCampbell Dr.
- Montgomery, AL
- 205-271-3947
-
- NIH/National Institute of Deafness & Other Communication Disorders
- (NIDCD)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5751
-
- American Speech-Language-Hearing Association
- 10801 Rockville Pike
- Rockville, Maryland 20852
-
- References
-
- THE LANDAU-KLEFFNER SYNDROME: INFANTILE "ACQUIRED" APHASIA, PAROXYSMAL
- ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHIC CHANGES AND EPILEPTIC SEIZURES: M. Dugas; Nouv
- Presse Med. (Dec. 18, 1982: 11(51)). Pp. 3787-91. (Published in French).
-
- AGE OF ONSET AND OUTCOME IN 'ACQUIRED APHASIA WITH CONVULSIVE DISORDER'
- (LANDAU-KLEFFNER SYNDROME): D.V. Bishop; Dev Med Child Neurol (Dec. 1985:
- 27(6)). Pp.705-12.
-
- CONTRIBUTION TO OUR KNOWLEDGE OF THE LANDAU AND KLEFFNER "ACQUIRED
- APHASIA WITH EPILEPSY" SYNDROME: A. Lorizio and A. Franciosi; Riv Patol Nerv
- Ment. (Sept.-Oct. 1982 103(5)). Pp. 201-214. (Published in Italian).
-
-